Characterization of indoor and outdoor particle pollution of primary school classroom in Chongqing, China

摘要

Rapid socioeconomic development makes China the engine of world economic growth. China's development was accompanied by the expansion of the population in urban areas and the emergence of some mega cities, which makes construction activities, industries and transportation prosperous in these cities. Children are vulnerable to particulate matter largely produced by above activities. The investigation was conducted at a school in central Chongqing, including simultaneous monitoring of indoor/outdoor temperature, relative humidity and concentrations of PM_1, PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and TSP. At school, the test was conducted for one week in each season. The average concentrations of PM_(10) in school hours is obviously higher in winter that is averaged 307 μg/m~3, and it is averaged 88 μg/m~3, 91 μg/m~3 and 56 μg/m~3 in spring, summer and autumn respectively. So children will be more exposed to particles in winter. The indoor concentrations are highly related with outdoor concentrations under natural ventilation, especially on higher polluted days. Building envelope is a barrier for coarse particles but not for fine particles. Children should be active outdoor in spring, summer and autumn; outdoor activities should be avoided in winter in this area if possible. Mechanical ventilation with filter is essential to keep children's health at indoor environment in winter.