Ultrasonic melt treatment (UST) can be effectively used in commercial casting processes, e.g. direct-chill, shape or die casting due to its effects on microstructure of metals, which includes control of grain structure, variation in the distribution and refinement of secondary phases, improvement of material homogeneity, and the uniform distribution of inclusions. The existence of these effects is proven experimentally, and some of them are used in industry. However, the mechanisms of some effects, like grain refinement are not well understood. The present investigation aimed at understanding the mechanism responsible for cavitation-aided grain refinement. An overview of the state-of-the-art and the first results of the research are given in this paper.
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