Introduction: The very first nuclear metrology tools for surface water surveillance have been designed in the early 80's. From their rudimentary characteristics, they have evolved nowadays to a stage reducing considerably the gap between the performance level between laboratory analysis and analysis performed continuously in the environment. Until not long ago, the main goal of such tool was to detect the accidental releases of nuclear installations (power station, reprocessing plant, radioisotopes production). Following the pressures from different organizations and with the "zero-release" policy in mind, other industries are at present concerned by the continuous surveillance of the effluents generated by their activities.
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