This paper presents a novel approach to secure transaction tracking. The focus of the proposed scheme is on preventing insider attacks particularly prevalent in multimedia transactions, assuming both parties involved in a transaction are mutually distrustful. To achieve authentication and non-repudiation, the proposed system, called staining, is composed of two key components: public-key cryptography and basic watermarking. The concept is to watermark after encryption, thereby introducing a stain on the watermark due to decryption. Watermarking and cryptography are not usually combined in such a manner, due to several issues involved, which are also discussed.
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