The area included extends from Ohio on the east, Tennessee on the south, and Minnesota on the west. The clay deposits discussed include ball clays in Tennessee and Kentucky; flint clays in Missouri and Kentucky; absorbent clays in Illinois, Missouri and Tennessee; kaolin in Minnesota; and fireclays and plastic clays in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Alluvial clays and shales used for structural clay products are found in every state in the Midwest, but these are not covered in this paper. The geology, mineralogy, physical properties, and applications of these midwestern industrial clay deposits are described. The current usage and future trends are also discussed.
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