Today’s advanced coating systems demand both high performance and low cost, new pigment control techniques (such as the simultaneous combination of steric hindrance, electrostatic repulsion, and interfacial tension modification) are more essential than ever. Color, appearance, and coating performance are first introduced within the context of pigment incorporation. Next, selected pigment control techniques are described and systematically classified into both traditional and new technology categories. Practical examples of performance improvement are integrated within the theoretical framework. A review of the causes for flooding and floating and methods for prevention and correction will be also be presented along with the introduction of a new class of "Hyper-Dispersants".
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