Formation of the chemical composition of mining areas waters on the example of tungsten deposits of Eastern Transbaikalia

摘要

The chemical composition of waters in the mining areas of the four tungsten deposits (the Transbaikal region) are studied. Acidic sulfate waters with salinity (TDS) up to 2.7 g/L and abnormally high concentrations of Al, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and other metals were formed in the areas of Bukuka, Belukha and Antonova Gora Deposits. They are characterized by thermodynamic equilibrium with secondary aluminosilicates (kaolinite, montmorillonite), sulfates (gypsum, anglesite) and fluorides (fluorite, sellaite). These waters are characterized by the highest degree of nonequilibrium with primary minerals anorthite, albite, muscovite, chlorite and others, which contributes to their further dissolution and accumulation of components in waters. Technogenic waters of the Spokojninskoe mine are characterized by neutral and alkaline reaction, moderate growth of salinity and active migration of U, W, As and Mo. They are saturated with respect to secondary aluminosilicates (montmorillonite, illite) and carbonates (calcite, dolomite, malachite, azurite, rhodochrosite, cerussite, siderite).