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Algorithms and Performance of Small Baseline Acoustic Sensor Arrays

机译:小基线声学传感器阵列的算法和性能

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摘要

Aeroacoustic sensing is well motivated due to its passive nature and low bandwidth, and processing with array baselines of one to a few meters is well studied and useful. However, arrays of this size present difficulties in manufacture and deployment. Motivated by the desire to develop smaller, cheaper (perhaps "disposable") sensor packages, we consider performance for arrays with small baselines. The performance of angle estimation operating roughly in the [30, 500] Hz regime is limited by the observed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and propagation in the turbulent atmosphere. Scattering results in a reduction of spatial coherence, which places fundamental limits on angle estimation accuracy. Physics-based statistical models for the scattering have enabled prediction of network performance, including detection, angle estimation, time-delay estimation, and geolocation. In the present work, we focus on angle estimation accuracy for the short baseline case. While a large aperture is desirable to improve angle estimation, the propagation produces a rolloff in the spatial coherence that ultimately degrades the performance despite increasing the array aperture. We characterize this tradeoff analytically via Cramer-Rao bounds, as a function of SNR, frequency, range, sensor array geometry, and propagation conditions. The results clearly favor shorter ranges and higher frequencies when employing small array baselines.
机译:由于其被动性和低带宽,气动声传感良好的动机,并且使用阵列基线的加工一到几米,很好地进行了很好的研究和有用。然而,这种大小的阵列在制造和部署方面存在困难。通过开发更小,更便宜的愿望(可能是“一次性”)传感器封装,我们考虑具有小基线的阵列的性能。大致在[30,500] Hz制度中的角度估计的性能受到观察到的信噪比(SNR)和湍流气氛中的传播的限制。散射导致空间相干性降低,这使得基本限制对角度估计精度。基于物理的散射统计模型使得能够预测网络性能,包括检测,角度估计,时间延迟估计和地理位置。在本作工作中,我们专注于短基线案例的角度估计精度。虽然需要大的孔径来改善角度估计,但传播在空间相干中产生折节,尽管增加了阵列孔径,但尽管增加了性能。我们通过CRAMER-RAO界限分析了该权衡,作为SNR,频率,范围,传感器阵列几何和传播条件的函数。在采用小型阵列基线时,结果清晰地利用较短的范围和更高的频率。

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