Introducing new technology can be explained by substitution model and transforming model. Substitution model indicates changing of work process such as changing from writing to typing, from steam engine to gasoline. Transforming model indicates changing of way to work such as changing from banner size based Ad to the number of click based Ad, from simple typing to automated working process by computer. In transportation sector, there is a similar changing. We might call AFC Operation and Maintenance as transforming model in transportation AFC sector. Former AFC means simple changing from MSR ticket or manned ticket selling and cash collecting to automated fare collection. However, AFC O&M means whole process to work of fare collecting including infrastructures (card, terminal), clearing and settlement. This is because as cities' transportation is getting bigger and complex, cities need to efficiency in fare collection and interoperability among transportation means or other sector like merchant. For example of AFC O&M, Seoul has introduced and delegated AFC O&M service in public transportation since 2004. As a result, there were a lot of benefits like reducing total operation and maintenance cost, efficient ticket booth operation, etc. World trend also reflects this changing. Especially, when multi operators and multi card issuers appear, specialized AFC O&M service is very important element to keep high quality service and provide seamless, integrated service. Considering future scalability, if exclusive AFC O&M delegation is allowed, there are a lot of advantages and operator can acquire stable, secure system.
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