The aim of the control and appropriate optimisation of the hardening process by selecting the most suitable quenching agent is to ensure required variations of hardness and residual stresses, particularly in the surface layer of a machine part. The paper describes the development of a system designed to capture acoustic emission and including the assessment of hardening efficiency during the quenching process itself. The sutdy of acoustic emission in the course of the quenching process was carried out on cylindrical specimens made of 42CrMo4 heat-treatment steel. The cylindrical specimens of the same size were quenched in two recommended quenching agents, i.e., quenching oil 》Olmaka Rapid 90《 and 15 % polymeric water solution 》Aquatensid -
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