Inland distribution is becoming a very important dimension of the globalization/maritime transportation/freight distribution paradigm. Observed logistics integration and network orientation in the port and maritime industry have redefined the functional role of ports in value chains and have generated new patterns of freight distribution and new approaches to port hierarchy. Inland freight distribution constitutes more than ever a cornerstone in port competitiveness. Existing models on the spatial and functional evolution of ports and port systems only partially fit into the new freight distribution paradigm. This paper aims to add to the existing literature by introducing a "regionalization" phase in port and port system development The regionalization phase and associated new hinterland concepts demand new approaches to port governance and a functional focus that goes beyond the traditional port perimeter.
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