Most bacterial infections of the lower urinary tract respond quickly to antimicrobial treatment; however, urinary tract infections (UTI) associated with defects in the host immune system (complicated UTI) often fail to respond to antibiotic treatmentor recur after antibiotic withdrawal. Complicated UTI are often recurrent or persistent infections and can be a therapeutic challenge. The status of host defense mechanisms is thought to be the most important factor in determining the outcome of a UTI.
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