Vertebral pedicle screws have become one of the most widely used methods to stabilise the spine. Transpedicular screw fixation has been advocated for rigid stabilisation in the treatment of conditions such as spondylolisthesis, fracture of tumour resection that cause a loss of mechanical stability to the spine. The advantages of pedicle screw constructs are that they: provide three-column fixation, facilitate the instrumentation of short segments, and maintain anatomic or desired sagittal alignment. Numerous positive results of the pedicle screw system have been reported, but complications with the use of these implants, including screw breakage, loosening, pullout, and migration, also have been reported. Some of these complications can be prevented by improving the materials and design of the device, technical improvement, and appropriate operative indication [1], [3].
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