ENABLING SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS FOR CEMENT PRODUCTION

摘要

Many residues resulting both from production processes used in the mining, construction, chemical, and metal production industries and from waste treatment processes such as incineration, and industrial and communal water treatment contain valuables. Quite often more than 95% of the constituents are valuables like alumina, iron, lime and silica and less than 2-3% are heavy metals, or other inorganic or organic materials. Despite the fact that it is the declared objective of most Environmental Agencies in the European Countries to protect natural resources and increase the amount of recycled and re-used residues, sustainable solutions are still far from being implemented on a large-scale and, apart from the recycling of demolition waste and glass, not common practice. The causes for this discrepancy between the environmental objectives and the insignificant volume of re-used residues are various. Some originate in inappropriate environmental regulations for the process entry of residues into the treatment process and the process entry for re-use in construction and cement production. Others are due to shortcomings in most of the currently installed solutions. The criteria and applicable procedures for successful re-use solutions are set out below.