System-of-systems Modeling: The Evolution of an Approach for True Human System Integration

摘要

For many years, analysts have recognized the need to accurately represent the human in system simulations because the human is the most variable portion of the system representation (Allender, 2000). It is especially critical, but challenging to represent the multi-tasking capability of humans that has been a limitation in accurate representation of system performance (Deutsch, 1997). Within the military analytical community multitasking human performance representation, particularly as it relates to crew size has become a critical issue in military vehicle design. Motivated by the needs of organizations such as the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), the Future Combat System Lead System Integrator Boeing-SAIC, and the recognition that traditional military simulations such as CASTFOREM and JANUS have limited capability to accurately represent multi-tasking human behavior (Henthorn, Mitchell, & McDowell, 2005), the U.S. Army Research Laboratory decided to take the initiative to improve the credible representation of human behavior in military system performance simulations. This approach has culminated in a system-of-systems modeling approach that can also be applied in the commercial marketplace. This paper describes the evolution of the ARL system-of-systems modeling approach and the development of the capabilities within the Improved Performance Research Integration Tool (IMPRINT) tool that enable it to be used to build system-of-systems models.