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Multiphase drag reduction in horizontal flows

机译:水平流量的多相阻力减少

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This set of experiments has revealed a remarkably rich set of flow regime transitions induced by the injection of drag reducers into a horizontal multiphase flow. The experiments were performed in a high pressure gas-condensate flow over a range of gas and liquid flow rates such that all of the two-phase flow regimes normally observed in horizontal multiphase flowlines - stratified flows, annular flows, and slug flows - were realized experimentally. Flow visualization captured the transition of slug flows to stratified flows; annular-entrained flows to annular flows (with no entrainment) or to stratified flows; stratified-wavy flows to stratified-smooth flows. These observations were used to develop a flow-pattern map for horizontal two-phase flow with drag reducers, which contrasts dramatically with the conventional flow-pattern map. The liquid volume fraction plays an important role in determining the magnitude of drag reduction in multiphase flows. The present experiments indicate that for a fixed superficial gas velocity, the higher the liquid volume fraction (i.e., the "wetter" the flow) the higher the drag reduction. Beyond a liquid volume fraction of approximately 5%, the drag reduction effectiveness no longer increases - it reaches a plateau level that can be as high as 65%. The plateau level of drag reduction decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity.
机译:这组实验已经揭示了通过将阻力剂注入水平多相流引起的一组非常丰富的流动调节转换。在一系列气体和液体流速下,在高压气体冷凝物流中进行实验,使得在水平多相流动线上通常观察到的所有两相流动制度 - 分层流动,环形流动和粘附流 - 是实现的实验。流量可视化捕获了Slux流的过渡到分层流动;环形夹带的流向环形流量(没有夹带)或分层流动;分层波浪流向分层平滑的流动。这些观察结果用于开发用于水平两相流的流动模式图,其具有阻力还原剂,其用传统的流动模式图显着形成显着。液体体积分数在确定多相流量的减阻幅度方面起着重要作用。本实验表明,对于固定的浅表气体速度,液体体积分数越高(即“湿润”流动)阻力越高。除液体体积分数之外约为5%,减阻效果不再增加 - 它达到了高达65%的平台水平。随着浅表气体速度的增加,减阻降低的平台水平降低。

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