The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray BurstIV: the 'long', ' genuine short' and 'fake - disguised short'GRBs

摘要

We report some recent developments in the understanding of GRBs based on the theoretical framework of the"fireshell" model, already presented in the last three editions of the "Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation". Afterrecalling the basic features of the "fireshell model", we emphasize the following novel results: 1) the interpretation of theX-ray flares in GRB afterglows as due to the interaction of the optically thin fireshell with isolated clouds in the CircumBurstMedium (CBM); 2) an interpretation as "fake - disguised" short GRBs of the GRBs belonging to the class identified by Norris& Bonnell; we present two prototypes, GRB 970228 and GRB 060614; both these cases are consistent with an origin fromthe final coalescence of a binary system in the halo of their host galaxies with particularly low CBM density n_(cbm) ~10~(-3)particles/cm~3; 3) the first attempt to study a genuine short GRB with the analysis of 050509B, that reveals indeed stillan open question; 4) the interpretation of the GRB-SN association in the case of GRB 060218 via the "induced gravitationalcollapse" process; 5) a first attempt to understand the nature of the "Amati relation", a phenomenological correlation betweenthe isotropic-equivalent radiated energy of the prompt emission E,50 with the cosmological rest-frame vF_vspectrum peakenergy E_(p,i).In addition, recent progress on the thermalization of electron-positron plasma close to their formation phase, aswell as the structure of the electrodynamics of Kerr-Newman Black Holes are presented. An outlook for possible explanationof high-energy phenomena in GRBs to be expected from the AGILE and the Fermi satellites are discussed. As an exampleof high energy process, the work by Enrico Fermi dealing with ultrarelativistic collisions is examined. It is clear that all theGRB physics points to the existence of overcritical electrodynamical fields. In this sense we present some progresses on aunified approach to heavy nuclei and neutron stars cores, which leads to the existence of overcritical fields under the neutronstar crust.