Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geodynamics and ore deposit evolution of the Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride orogen

摘要

Internal sectors of the arcuate Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride (ABCD) orogen comprise fundamentally different ore deposits along strike, occurring in three temporally and spatially distinct belts. These belts were formed by several short-lived, late-stage collisional processes (including slab break-off or slab delamination) during the Late Cretaceous and Oligocene to Neogene, including: (1) the Late Cretaceous "Banatite" calc-alkaline belt, which gives rise to the main porphyry-style, skarn and high-sulfidation epithermal Cu-Au deposits of Serbia and Bulgaria, and syn- to late-orogenic metamorphogenic gold, talc and mag-nesite deposits; (2) the Oligocene-Miocene Sebomacedonian-Rhodope magmatic and metallogenic zone includes volcanic-hosted, vein-type and carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn deposits, porphyry Cu-Au-Mo and epithermal Au mineralization; and (3) Oligocene-Neogene polymetallic ore districts formed due to eastward extrusion of fault-bounded blocks into the Carpathian arc, exhumation of metamorphic core complexes, or invasion of fault-bounded blocks into the Carpathian arc which generated the Transsylvanian gold province of Romania.