With numerous emerging real-time and multimedia applications, there has been much interest for developing mechanisms which enable real-time services over the Internet with guaranteed QoS. One of the promising configurations to support real-time traffics is by combining capabilities of IntServ and DiffServ architectures. However, guaranteeing end-to-end QoS over such architectures -generally composed of chains of multiple independently administered IntServ and DiffServ domains- requires the deployment of several mechanisms and many untaken steps remain on the road to achieving this. In particular, multiple domains may consider different QoS parameters and/or manage them differently. In this paper, we deal with the problem of mapping QoS parameters-particularly the bandwidth and delay requirements-to support hard real-time communications.
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