The various examples of consultation given throughout the paper demonstrate that it is not enough to merely do one's duty. Good consultation has to be taken to all those who might have an interest. The process has to engage people, not just organisations, at a stage where their opinions and their knowledge can help develop appropriate answers; answers which address their concerns. Development of strategies or schemes necessarily require an iterative process. This involves: 1. An initial identification of interests. 2. An analysis of where these interests may result in conflict either with other issues, the physical processes or legislation. 3. Informing consultees of such conflict, raising their awareness of the problems and inviting them to become party to the solutions. 4. Encouraging alternative options to be put forward and encouraging consultees to offer clear objectives from which imaginative options may be developed. 5. Encouraging an ethos whereby consultees do feel that their views and interests are being listened to but can appreciated that not all can be incorporated into the final scheme 6. Confirming that we, as coastal managers, have got it right. Associated with this is the need to appreciate that consultation involves time and effort. This, however, is amply repaid in the short term by reducing the effort required in addressing formal objections or defending decisions at public enquiry, and in the longer term in meeting the functional requirements of those living on or involved with the coast. Argument and even conflict are essential tools in consultation, opening the way to building consensus. The only consultation fatigue that is likely is that of the study team, not, if they are actively involved, amongst those whose views are being properly considered. Consultation cannot always resolve all issues. Where conclusions are drawn that someone's livelihood is a stake, where there can be no offer of aid, where even further defence of their property will not be permitted, then there will be continued conflict. We do, however, have duty to provide a full and understandable explanation. In many respects the highest compliment in consultation is reflected in a response from the work on the Suffolk Estuaries. "I totally disagree, from a personal level, with the action you are proposing, but I understand and appreciate why such action will be taken; and you have given me knowledge to fight you all the way!"
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