Design of Artificial Reefs and Their Effectiveness in the Fisheries of Eastern Asia

摘要

This study reviews structural and fishery characteristics of artificial reefs used in Korea and Japan and describes a new type of reef structure. It reviews 92 concrete and 53 steel reef designs, of which 137 are from Japan and 8 from Korea. Reef structures installed in Korea and Japan have been chiefly designed with respect to water depth, target species, and ratio of void space. Most reefs were developed on the basis of how fish species would respond to them behaviorally, and their placements wereoriented accordingly. Also, ratio of void space has been enlarged to minimize the amount of materials required in construction. Japan has developed taller reefs that were designed to attract all fish that respond positively to the presence of a reef. Anenlargement in bulk volume, and height, with a limited void—space ratio, characterizes these taller reefs. Korea has developed a concrete reef style, the box reef, which was designed to meet the biological requirements of both Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and madai (also known as red porgy) Pagrus major, which behave differently on reefs. The box reef attracted more Korean rockfish and madai than a natural reef. Such a high-storied reef (14 x 14 x 30 m), which was installed at a depth of 75 m, attracted fish species such as false kelpfish Sebastiscus marmoratus, rockbream Oplegnathus fasciatus, greater amberjack Seriola dumerili, and bambooleaf wrasse Pseudolabrusjaponicus, which behave differently on reefs.