Economic Loss of Pollution to Fisheries: An Economic Analysis of the Jakarta Bay Fisheries

摘要

Coastal resources play an important role in the economic development of coastal states. Besides providing goods and services worth more than US10 trillion dollar a year, coastal resources also provide direct employment for more than 200 million small-scale and commercial fishermen. In addition, more than half a billion of people rely their livelihood indirectly on coastal related activities (Hinrichsen 2002). For example, in Asia alone, of 3.7 billion of total Asia's population, 60% of them live within 400 km of coastal area and engages in coastal dependent activities such as fishing, harvesting, and mining. Consequently, coastal resources have been under tremendous pressure due to rapid economic development. According to a study by World Resource Institute, over one-half of the world's coastlines have suffered from severe development pressure (Fauzi and Anna 2002; Fauzi and Anna 2003).