The advantage of microorganisms used in bioleach systems to conventional chemical reaction systems is that these apply the available energy more precisely where it is needed, either directly onto the mineral of interest or by efficientlycatalyzing the production of a reactant. The literature cover the range from empirical models used in describing macro heat balance in heaps to detailedstudies relating the micro heat effects of bacteria adhesion energy to the surface of minerals. In this paper, the heat effects are reviewed in a general way describing bioleaching in two macro systems, heap leaching and slurry bioreactors. The micro scale heat effects is the reactions and conditions at the microorganism scale, including the mechanism ofleaching and bacterial behavior.
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