Method and instrument for the observation of the integral content of NO2 in the troposphere from an aircraft by reflected solar radiation

摘要

The integral content of NO$-2$/ in the troposphere layer below an aircraft flight level has been measured based on solar radiation reflected by the earth. These measurements were made using a spectrometer with a tunable interference- polarization filter in region 430-450 nm, looking at 'nadir' from board an aircraft. There are short descriptions of the instrument, methodology an estimate errors. Results measurements compared with calculations by using models vertical distribution of NO$-2$/ in the troposphere. At the middle latitudes of the European and Asian parts of Russia the troposphere integral NO$-2$/ amount is 3.0 10$+16$/-3.2 10$+16$/ molec cm$+$MIN@2$/ during daytime in summer. In polar regions the troposphere integral NO$-2$/ amount during daytime in summer ranges within 1.0 10$+16$/-1.5 10$+16$/ molec cm$+$MIN@2$/, it can be attributed to the absence of ground sources there. A diurnal NO$-2$/ variation in the troposphere has been revealed which is inverse to that in the stratosphere. By sunset, NO$-2$/ content decreases nearly by a factor of 2. It has been detected that NO$-2$/ amount increases in the northern part of Western Siberia to range within 4.6 10$+16$/-5.8 10$+16$/ molec cm$+$MIN@2$/. This can be accounted for by the influence of industrial sources located in this region. Their effect is noticeable at distances up to 1000 km.