Admittedly, much of the basis for this paper and its content is the result of the fact that we now see gas pipelines with more liquid content than before. Many are in fact, multiphase pipelines. Similar challenges are clearly understood by the crude oil and liquids segments of the industry. At times, we are led to believe that our leaders of the past never faced or thought of this issue. This is why the author reflects in this paper about not forgetting the lessons of the past. Here is an interesting paragraph from a paper presented at the University of Oklahoma, to the International School of Hydrocarbon Measurement in 1982. A full quarter of a century ago! "The ability to "tame" liquids when they appear in the gas sample streams or cylinders is now at hand with the availability of high quality new equipment. The capability of determining the heating value of the gas at any pressure and temperature condition can be determined with reasonable accuracy by conditioning the sample as it is directed to the measuring instrument. However, there is a need to more precisely define a "liquid" in our contracts and state how to account for the heating value of the fluid when liquid is present as an aerosol or otherwise. Should the Btu be determined on the gas at flowing conditions, or should it be determined at a greatly reduced pressure and elevated temperature? Should a pressure and temperature be selected for determining the Btu that would correspond with the average annual ground temperature and average annual pipeline pressure? These and other points must be resolved before any determined effort can be instituted to standardize Btu determination procedure on aerosol gasses."
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