The Poultry and livestock industries have been implicated for contamination of the environment stemming from atmospheric emissions of ammonia at production and manure storage sites. In addition the consequences of environmental ammonia on bird production and health and the health of poultry farmers are significant and require intervention from both a moral and regulatory standpoint. Fortunately there are management, mechanical and dietary strategies one can implement to mitigate the generation, and emission of ammonia. Dietary strategies include not only current and available approaches such as amino acid vs. CP formulation, phase feeding, utilizing an "ideal protein" approach, true amino acid digestibility, beneficial feed additives and enzymes andcontrolling antinutritional factors. In addition, on the horizon there are new and emerging strategies including beneficial probiotics, antibodies to uric acid and urea hydrolyzing enzymes, dietary amino acid analogues and keto acids and genetic engineering approaches to reduce both dietary crude protein and ammonia losses to the environment. The final cost of these current and emerging dietary strategies for environmental stewardship remain to be determined.
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