A high-order macroscopic model for the accurate description of rarefied polyatomic gas flows is used to explore heat transfer in rarefied polyatomic gases. The unsteady heat conduction of a gas at rest is studied numerically and analytically. The full boundary conditions are obtained for the macroscopic models of the refined Navier-Stokes-Fourier (RNSF) equations and the R19 equations. The results for different gases are given and effects of Knudsen numbers, degrees of freedom and temperature dependent properties are investigated. For some cases, the higher order effects are very dominant and the widely used first order set of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations fails to accurately capture the gas behavior and should be replaced by the proposed higher order set of equations.
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