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Bismuth-antimony alloys and their application in microwave engineering

机译:铋 - 锑合金及其在微波工程中的应用

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Bismuth, antimony and its alloys are the typical representatives of a class of half-metals, electric conducting of which in 10{sup}2-10{sup}3 times is lower, than at usual metals, well conducting an electrical current. The alloys bismuth with antimony have semi-conductor properties in wide area of structures at temperatures below 77 0{sup left}K.However, they are isolators at temperatures close to 0 0{sup left}K. The electrical properties bismuth, antimony and its alloys considerably differ from properties of usual metals. That is determined by complexity of its zoned structure and presence rather poorly of degenerated carriers of a charge-electrons and holes. It is necessary also to note the large mobility of carriers of a charge and their small concentration, sharp anisotropy of many kinetic coefficients. The weak blocking of valiant and free zones that characterizes a half-metal condition allows to operate a mutual arrangement of zones by many influences-magnetic field, pressure, doping by various impurity. The half-metals are rather perspective materials from the point of view of their probable application in various devices. In present time the half-metal alloys BiSb have wide application in thermoelectric generators and refrigerators. They have appeared convenient object for study of distribution of electromagnetic waves in solid-state plasma. The half-metals are also perspective materials for low temperature electronics. In work [1] the opportunity of use of half-metals BiSb with percentage BI and Sb from 8 % up to 25 % was shown as high-sensitivity and of small inertion indicators of UHF radiation where thermoelectric effect is used. The principle of action of such indicators is based on occurrence of a gradient of temperature in a half-metal crystal BiSb that has two contacts of the various square with flowing electrical current. Basic element of such device is the dot contact metal - half-metal. At course of a current of any direction through dot contact the temperature of last one raises owing to large density of a current in contact area while temperature of contact of the large area practically does not change. In result there is a gradient of temperature and appropriate to it thermo-EMF between contacts in a half-metal crystal. It serves a measure of the absorbed capacity by the given device. On the basis of the given model we created indicators of electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of lengths of waves down to millimeter. Theoretically and experimentally its basic characteristics - volt-watt sensitivity, volt-ampere characteristic, inertion and noise (high-frequency and low-frequency) characteristic are described full enough in work [2].
机译:铋,锑及其合金是一类半金属的典型代表,其中电导率在10°{sup} 2-10 {sup} 3次下降3次,而不是通常的金属,井进行电流。用锑的合金铋具有半导体性质在宽面积的结构中,在低于77 0 {sup left} k.how,它们是靠近0 0 {sup left} k的温度下的隔离器。电气性质铋,锑及其合金与通常金属的性质显着不同。这取决于其分区结构的复杂性和电荷 - 电子和孔的退化载体的存在相当差。还需要注意电荷的载体的大迁移率及其小浓度,许多动力学系数的尖锐各向异性。表征半金属条件的易置和自由区的弱阻断允许通过许多影响磁场,压力,掺杂通过各种杂质操作相互排列的区域。半金属从各种设备中的可能应用的角度来看,半金属是透视材料。在目前的时间内,半金属合金BISB在热电发电机和冰箱中具有广泛的应用。它们似乎是用于研究固态等离子体中电磁波分布的方便的对象。半金属也是低温电子器件的透视材料。在工作[1]中使用百分比BIB和SB的半金属BISB的机会显示为高灵敏度和UHF辐射的小惯性指标,其中使用热电效应。这些指标的作用原理基于半金属晶体BIB中的温度梯度的发生,其具有两个具有流动电流的各种正方形的两个触点。这种装置的基本元件是点接触金属 - 半金属。当通过点的任何方向的电流随着点接触的电流密度,在接触面积中的电流的大密度,而大面积的温度实际上不会改变。结果,在半金属晶体中的触点之间存在温度梯度和适合于IT热型EMF。它由给定的装置用于吸收容量的量度。在给定的模型的基础上,我们在宽范围的波浪中创建了电磁辐射的指示灯,向下到毫米。从理论上讲,其基本特性 - 伏特敏感性,伏安特性,惯性和噪声(高频和低频)特性在工作中完全描述[2]。

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