Polymers and oligomers having carbamate functional groups have been used in a variety of curable coating compositions. Carbamate-functional polymers offer many advantages for automotive topcoats such as outstanding resistance to environmental etching, scratching and marring, humidity, and UV exposure. Hydrophobic carbamate oligomers suitable for crosslinking with standard amino resins were synthesized and formulated into stable one-pack automotive clearcoats with low VOC and excellent physical properties. Because of their unusually steep thermal viscosity curves, these oligomers are particularly adaptable to hot spray techniques that enable coatings in the 85-90
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