Charge Transfer and Mass Transfer Reactions in the Metal Hydride Electrode of a Ni/MH Battery

摘要

Charge transfer reaction across the electrode/electrolyte interface and hydrogen diffusion in the negative MH alloy electrode dominate the high-rate discharge capability of the metal hydride electrode in a Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni/MH) battery. The mass transfer process in the MH electrode mainly involves hydrogen diffusion in the bulk MH alloy. The charge transfer reaction in the negative electrode reflects the capability of hydrogen reduction and oxidation reactions at the surface of the MH alloy powder. In this study, an AB_5-type hydrogen-absorbing alloy was used as the negative electrode material. The rate-determining mass transfer process in the bulk MH alloy electrode was studied and analyzed using anodic polarization measurements. The exchange current density, which is related to the charge transfer reaction, was analyzed by using the hydrogen equilibrium pressure. The estimation of hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the MH alloy is strongly dependent on the value of the effective reaction area of charge transfer reaction at the surface of the alloy powder.