The concept of precise point positioning (PPP) is currently associated with global networks. Precise orbit and clock solutions are used to enable absolute positioning of a single receiver. However, it is restricted in ambiguity resolution, in convergence time and in accuracy. Precise point positioning based on RTK networks (PPP-RTK) as presented overcomes these limitations and gives centimeter-accuracy in a few seconds. The primary task in RTK networks using the Geo++ GNSMART software is the precise monitoring and representation of all individual GNSS error components using state-space modeling. The advantages of state-space modeling are well known for PPP applications. It is much closer to the physical error sources and can thus better represent the error characteristics. It allows to better separate the various error sources to improve performance and can lead to much less bandwidth for transmission. With RTK networks based on GNSMART it is possible to apply the PPP concept with high accuracy. Ambiguity resolution within the RTK network is mandatory and allows the precise modeling of the system state. Since the integer nature of the carrier phase ambiguities is maintained, all error components can be consistently modeled and give full accuracy in an ambiguity fixing GNSS application.
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