Rubble pile observations

摘要

Flexural failure of ice on conical structures can produce a rubble pile or pile-up on the face of thc cone. These features can increase the load significantly and affect thc failure mechanism of the ice. Behaviour of rubble piles has been the subject of several ice tank programmes as well as limited programmes in the field. Using the data from the Confederation Bridge Monitoring Programme, observations pertaining to the rubble pile will be presented. The available video data allows for a continuous observation of rubble pile formation and behaviour and determination of the characteristics of the rubble pile. These characteristics include the size, shape, parent ice thickness, and piece size in the rubble pile, the effects of velocity, friction with the ice cover, and friction on the cone The observations will be compared to existing theories on rubble pile formation and behaviour.