Evolution of Virtual RD Centers:A New RD Paradigm for the 21~(st) Centur

摘要

During the early post war era,the traditional U.S.model of R&D was based on large corporations providing a relatively self sufficient support system and followed a linear mode of innovation with a one way flow from research to product development.The end of the cold war,global economic competitiveness,and the explosion of information technology are changing corporate R&D strategy .A new model based on a global knowledge economy that links internal R&D with external research centers of excellence is developing for the 21 SI century .R&D alliances,virtual R&D centers,virtual universities,and international research teams linking academia,government laboratories,and industries in a spiral feedback mode are evolving to speed up the innovation process in a cost effective way using electronic collaborations.