Deploying carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and graphene in commercial applications requires synthesizing sufficient quantities of high quality, low cost material. Significant research is devoted to scaling the synthesis of both nanotubes (1,2) and graphene (3,4); however, other carbon structures, in particular carbon fiber foams (CFF), have only been generated on a very small scale (5,6). The present work, and an earlier effort (7) describes the successful scale up of CFF, and demonstrates that only a scale-up protocol based on the assumption that carbon materials grow from homogeneously generated radicals (GSD, 8-10), is successful.
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