FEATURES OF PROBLEM DETECTION

摘要

Problem detection is the process by which people first become concerned that events may be taking an unacceptable direction that may require action. Despite its importance, there is surprisingly little empirical or theoretical literature about the cognitive aspects of problem detection. Drawing on previous cognitive task analysis accounts, 52 incidents involving problem detection were selected. Additional interviews were conducted with wildland firefighters and with surgeons. A description ofproblem detection was developed that emphasizes the role of expertise in detecting and interpreting the significance of subtle cues, as opposed to passively accumulating deviations from expectancies. Further, problem detection is seen as a process ofre-conceptualizing the nature of the situation.