cyanine dyes are used extensively in photographic systems as silver halide spectral sensitizers in order to extend and enhance the intrinsic light sensitivity of AgX grains. due to the strong intermolecular van der Waals attractive forces operating between these planar poly-cyclic molecules, self-association or aggregation occurs frequently both on solid surfaces (e.g. silver halide crystals) and n bulk aqueous solution. The so-called "J-aggregate" is the most commerically important dye assembly for spectral sensitization and is characterized by a narrow and intense red-shifted absorption band. Their discovery dates back over falf a century,~(3,4) though detailed solution structures have remained the subject of some speculation and controversy.
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机译：Cyanine染料在照相系统中广泛使用，作为卤化银光谱敏化剂，以延伸和增强agx颗粒的固有光敏感性。由于在这些平面多循环分子之间操作的强烈的分子van der Wa，在这些平面多循环分子之间运行，在固体表面（例如卤化银晶体）和N块状水溶液中经常发生自我关联或聚集。所谓的“J-emplate”是用于光谱致敏的最佳染料组件，其特征在于窄且强烈的红移吸收带。他们的发现可以追溯到一个世纪，〜（3,4）虽然详细的解决方案结构仍然是一些猜测和争议的主题。
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