Nickel and cobalt losses and recoveries in nickel and copper converting

摘要

The important role that finishing practices playin reducing nickel and cobalt losses in converting is wellrecognized by smelter operators and engineers. The effectsof deviations from optimum blowing times and rates, fluxingpractices, and temperature control in the early andintermediate blows of the cycle are generally lessappreciated. This paper reviews the overall chemistry andkinetics of converting. Nickel and cobalt recoveries (andlosses) are followed through complete cycles of copper andnickel/copper converters. Some factors that promote (ordiscourage) nickel and cobalt recoveries in converting are examined.