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INVOLVEMENT OF DEPLETED URANIUM IN NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE WITH USE OF WEAPON-GRADE PLUTONIUM

机译:使用武器级钚的核燃料循环中耗尽铀的参与

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In global atomic power, a large amount of depleted uranium as a waste of the enrichnent plants are stored. With exhaustion of natural uranium stocks, the depleted uranium can be involved in a fuel cycle with simultaneous utilization of weapon-grade plutonium. Plutonium has very high multiplicating properties, and its utilization should be most effective with use of excessive neutrons for new nuclear fuel production. In the report, the main properties of weapon-grade plutonium modes with addition of depleted uranium in power WER-type reactors are determined. All the constructional and thermal characteristics including the fuel element design are supposed to be as for the WER reactor. The nuclear fuel loading into the fuel elements is varied only. The use of existing designs of power reactors seemes to be the most expedient from the viewpoint of quick realization of plutonium modes, if it will be possible to provide the nessesary safety level. Concentration of uranium and plutonium isotopes and multiplication factor with respect to nuclear fuel burnup are calculated. It is determined that at considered weapon-grade plutonium loadings, the loading of uranium is about twice less than in regular mode of WER-1000 with uranium fuel. It is shown that in plutonium mode, the multiplication factor decreases faster with respect to nuclear fuel burnup than in regular mode of WER-1000. It results in shorter fuel lifetime than in WER-1000. Temperature coefficient of reactivity is evaluated. For considered plutonium mode it appeares to be positive. It is stipulated by influence of a resonance at 0.3 eV in fission cross-section of Pu-239. The future development of modern atomic power engineering is connected to the necessity of expansion of a raw base. It can be realized by involvement of the depleted uranium in nuclear fuel cycle (NFC). During the years of existence of atomic power engineering, the large resources of depleted uranium are accumulated as a waste of the enrichnent plants. For utilization of depleted uranium, it is necessary to add to him a fissile material with high multiplicating properties. For this purpose, the weapon-grade plutonium can be used. The plutonium is a very valuable material. It is not found in nature. Weapon-grade plutonium was specially produced for military purposes. Now it is subject to defense conversion. Utilization of the weapon-grade plutonium for involvement of depleted uranium in NFC will allow to conduct its conversion with high efficiency. The aim of the present paper is to find out basic mode properties for the weapon-grade plutonium use with depleted uranium in used now nuclear power reactors. The core structure of WER-1000 has been taken for the basis of power reactor core structure with construction and heating engineering parameters saved wherever possible. It has been assumed that only nuclear fuel load varies in the fuel elements while the structure of the elements remains the same. Such an approach, i.e. the use of already existing power reactor structures, seems the most sutable from the viewpoint of the quickest realization of plutonium modes. The fuel elements are considered in which the mixture of weapon-grade plutonium with U-238 is placed instead of the slightly enriched uranium. The weapon-grade plutonium was supposed to consist of the Pu-239 with about 5% Pu-240.
机译:在全球原子能中,储存大量耗尽铀作为富富植物的浪费。耗尽天然铀股,耗尽的铀可以参与燃料循环,同时使用武器级钚。钚具有非常高的繁殖性能,其利用应对使用过多中子进行新的核燃料生产。在报告中,确定了武器级钚模式的主要性质,所述钚模式加入功率WER型反应器中的耗尽铀。包括燃料元件设计的所有结构和热特性应该是WER反应器。核燃料加载到燃料元件中仅变化。使用电源反应堆seemes的现有设计的是从快速实现钚模式的角度来看,最适宜的是,将有可能提供所必要的安全水平。计算铀和钚同位素的浓度和相对于核燃料燃烧的繁殖因子。确定在考虑武器级钚载体时,铀的负载约为铀燃料的常规模式的两倍。结果表明,在钚模式中,倍增因子相对于核燃料燃烧的速度比在WER-1000的常规模式上更快地降低。它导致比WER-1000更短的燃料寿命。评估温度反应性系数。对于考虑的钚模式,它看起来是积极的。它通过在PU-239的裂变横截面中的0.3eV中的共振的影响规定。现代原子动力工程的未来发展与扩建生碱的必要性。可以通过参与耗尽铀在核燃料循环(NFC)中实现。在原子电力工程存在多年期间,耗尽铀的大资源被累积为富富植物的浪费。为了利用耗尽铀,有必要为他添加一种具有高倍增性的裂变材料。为此,可以使用武器级钚。钚是一种非常有价值的材料。它没有发现。武器级钚是为军事目的而制作的。现在它受到防御转换。利用武器级钚用于参与NFC中的耗尽铀将允许以高效率进行其转化。本文的目的是找出武器级钚用途的基本模式属性与现在使用的核电反应堆中使用的贫铀。 WER-1000的核心结构是为了施工和供暖工程参数的功率反应堆核心结构,尽可能地节省。假设只有核燃料负载在燃料元件中变化,而元件的结构保持不变。这种方法,即使用已经现有的电力反应堆结构,从钚模式最快实现的观点来看,似乎最具态度。考虑燃料元件,其中放置武器级钚的混合物,而不是略微富集的铀。武器级钚应该由PU-239组成,约5%PU-240。

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