TOXICITY ASPECTS OF WATER TREATMENT

摘要

Treatment of industrial wastewaters generallyadvances with specific chemical concentration and mass-flowtargets, established by National Pollutant Discharge EliminationSystem (NPDES) permits. Treated discharges must also addresstoxicity to test and receiving water organisms. Variousparameters might need consideration during treatment designand planning, such as the known toxicants, hardness, alkalinity,solids, nutrients, metals in both the dissolved and particulatestate, and even flow. Since toxicity is used as a "catch all"regulatory monitoring toot design of treatment Systems shouldfocus on the various factors contributing to toxicity.