The correlation properties of polarization diversity in indoor environments are investigated theoretically and experimentally. A statistical distribution model of incident waves which is uniform in azimuth and Gaussian in elevation is assumed and typical correlation characteristics of cross dipole antennas are described theoretically. The values for the propagation parameters which provide for low-correlation antenna diversity are also theoretically predicted. Furthermore, a method of estimating the statistical distribution parameters of incident waves is proposed, and theoretical results for the 900-MHz band are obtained. Finally, an experiment is described which confirms that extremely low-correlation diversity branches can be achieved by carefully choosing the propagation parameters.
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