The effect of different heel heights and designs for a normal foot or with some simulated pathological changes and deformities can be evaluated by the FE models developed in this study. A pronounced increase in von Mises stress at the first MTP joint and a von Mises stress concentration effect at the posterior talus were predicted at balanced standing with high-heeled support condition compared with standing on flat plate. The further analyses using the model can provide better understand foot biomechanics and useful information for high-heeled shoe design.(Acknowledgment: This work was supported by research grant council of Hong Kong (Project No: PolyU 5249/04E. PolyU5317/05E), and a NSFC grant No.10529202.)
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