Improved public transport to curb car use and fuel consumption in Asian cities: A research framework for integrating rickshaw usage with bus rapid transit (BRT)

摘要

Many cities in Asia have implemented Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) systems, while others are planning to do so as a meansof tackling increasing transport problems. However, properfeeder services and the trip-end facilities are needed to maximizethe benefits of BRT systems. The numbers and combinationsof different travel modes between trip ends or joint tripson public transport are increasing in many developing cities.The number of joint trips is increasing due to city growth andthe need for a variety of public transport systems to cover thewhole city. Better integration of various modes could improvethe capacity of public transport and non-motorized transport(NMT) could provide feeder or access facilities to publictransport. Moreover, the integration of NMT with high qualitytransit systems could provide convenience and comfort to thepublic transport users. This may help increase ridership onpublic transport and thus reduce car dependency/use or fuelconsumption.Several BRT systems in China have been integrated with bicycles.However, there is no BRT system in the world which yetdemonstrates integration with rickshaws. This paper providesa brief description of transport and fuel consumption in theAsian cities, transit systems and their integration with othermodes, integrated multi-modal transport, and an outline ofresearch methodology for integrating rickshaws with BRT systems.