Optimal Demand Control of Electric Water Heaters to Accommodate the Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in Residential Distribution Networks

摘要

The large-scale adoption of PEVs can result in an increased peak demand of the residential distribution network and in an increased distribution transformer loss of life. This study investigates the potential use of household electric water heaters (EWHs) to eliminate such adverse impacts. To this end, we propose optimizing the thermostat set-points of the EWHs in residential houses with the objective of minimizing the energy cost associated with the residential houses having PEVs. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The proposed MILP problem considers the random behavior of the PEVs charging demand as well as the uncertainty associated with the hot water consumption rate of the EWHs. The developed MILP model was built in GAMS environment solved using CPLEX solver.