Collection and Statistical Analysis of Case History Data on Liquefaction-Induced Soil Ejecta near Buildings during Past Earthquakes

摘要

Estimating the amount of liquefaction-induced building settlement during liquefaction phenomenon due to soil ejecta is a challenge not resolved yet. Current state-of-the-art recommends using engineering judgement and comparison to exemplary case histories, but no studies have been conducted yet that collect and summarize the existing case history data on liquefaction-induced soil ejecta. This study collected observations from the geotechnical extreme event reconnaissance (GEER) database, selected publications on liquefaction, and photographic evidence of ejecta near buildings and organized the information regarding earthquake, soil, and building properties as well as building movements, ejecta properties, and occurrence. The processed data of 20 major earthquakes was categorized and presented in several plots to identify possible general rules of ejecta occurrence and building movement. Frequency and distribution of ejecta properties and occurrence as well as magnitude and intensity measurement of the earthquakes with ejecta incidents were assessed and the influence of distance between ejecta and buildings studied. This paper explains the processing of the collected case history data and summarizes the results of the empirical analysis that identifies future directions for the assessment of ejecta-induced building movement.