The space industry is currently characterized by a multitude of different space systems and technologies of varying performance, risk and cost that are sourced from different national space programs and commercial space companies. Compounding this is the uncertainty associated with each system and technology. The traditional monolithic systems engineering approach breaks down when applied to a large complex mission when the number of potential combinations of systems and the interactions between them greatly expands. A top down approach that assesses the capabilities, requirements and risks associated with the diversity of available space systems that links the traditional bottoms up approach is needed. The aim of this study is to provide a System-of-Systems (SoS) framework that can guide the design and integration of future deep space missions to the Moon and/or Mars by addressing the architecture as a network of interacting systems with individual capabilities, requirements, costs, and uncertainties. A portfolio optimization technique is used to explore combinations of systems that work cohesively to meet overarching mission objectives. Combinations are chosen from a library of available systems from domestic and international space partners.
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