MAAP5 SIMULATION OF PWR HIGH-PRESSURE CORE MELTING SEVERE ACCIDENT DUE TO SMALL-BREAK LOCA

摘要

MAAP5 is capable of simulating the whole response of a PWR nuclear power plant under severe accident conditions. An analysis of the severe accident scenarios in a PWR by MAAP5 were carried out. It was assumed that the severe accident was initiated by an unusual small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) at the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) lower head and the failure of high-pressure injection system (HPIS) in a PWR by using MAAP5 were carried out. Different break sizes with and without manual depressurization of the reactor coolant system (RCS) were studied. The results showed that without manually depressurization the RCS, reactor core underwent slow heatup and completely melted and eventually failed the RPV lower head at the primary system pressure of 6.87 MPa for 0.4-inch-break LOCA and 2.71 MPa for 1.0-inch-break LOCA. On the other hand, timely manually opening the pressurizer (PZR) safety valves (SVs) was an effective mitigation measure to recover the core coolabilty by cold-leg accumulator injection system (AIS) and low-pressure injection system (LPIS). Besides, reasonably manually opening the steam generators (SGs) SVs while keeping the auxiliary feedwater work also helped to depressurize the RCS and prevent the severe accident. Both of the two mitigation measures successfully prevented the core from complete melt, but the latter one is preferable to the former one provided no steam generator tube rupture took place.