1.With the increase of the seal pressure, the friction force of instroke and outstroke increased at the same rod speed. And the friction force of outstroke was greater than instroke's. 2.With the increase of rod speed, the friction force of instroke and outstroke decreased at the same seal pressure. 3.The film thickness of instroke was greater than the outstroke's. 4.The friction force calculated by the numerical model has good agreement with the experimental result. Reciprocating Seals; Piston rod; Mixed lubrication; Friction force
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