In today''s complex and highly dynamic computing environments, systems/services have to be constantly adjusted to meet Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and to improve resource utilization, thus reducing operating cost. Traditional design of such systems usually involves domain experts who implicitly translate Service Level Objectives (SLOs) specified in SLAs to system-level thresholds in an ad-hoc manner. In this paper, we present an approach that combines performance modeling with performance profiling to create models that translate SLOs to lower-level resource requirements for each system involved in providing the service. Using these models, the process of creating an efficient design of a system/service can be automated, eliminating the involvement of domain experts. We demonstrate that our approach is practical and that it can be applied to different applications and software architectures. Our experiments show that for a typical 3-tier e-commerce application in a virtualized environment the SLAs can be met while improving CPU utilization up to 3 times.
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