Water chemistry and corrosion issues of control rod and protection system in Russian LWGRS

摘要

Light water cooled, graphite moderated reactors (LWGRs) named RBMKs were designed in 1960-70s by N.A.Dollezhal Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering (NIKIET), Moscow, Russia. 15 such power units RBMK-1000 with rated electric power 1 GWt were built and operated in three NPPs in Russia (Leningrad, Kursk and Smolensk NPPs) and Chernobyl NPP Ukraine. 2 high powered similar units RBMK-1500 with rated electric power 1.5 GWt were built and operated in Lithuania (Ignalina NPP), Chernobyl and Ignalina NPPs were finally shut down. Now 11 RBMK-1000 power units are still in operation in three Russian NPPs (Leningrad, Kursk and Smolensk NPPs) after comprehensive modernization taking into account lessons from accident in unit 4 at Chernobyl NPP in 1986.