SOF is a proven technique employed in over 70 fugitive emission studies around the world. In Europe the SOF technique is considered Best Available Technology for measurements of fugitive emission of VOCs and in Sweden it is used together with tracer correlation and optical gas imaging to screen all larger refineries and petrochemical industries annually. In Scandinavia measurement is the standard for emission reporting and in Sweden annual emission surveys are carried out on most refineries and petrochemical industries, each survey corresponding to about 10 measurement days, often broken down into several periods over the different seasons to better represent mean annual conditions. The measurements provide the total emission coming from the whole refinery (the bubble), divided into sub parts such as process areas, crude oil storage, product storage tanks, water treatment facilities, flares and loading operations. The estimated uncertainty for the emissions is 30 % for the bubble, and higher for the individual parts. The measurements often show higher emissions than reported by 3-10 times.
展开▼
